Dehydration is the most dangerous condition because it can cause hypovolemia, cardiovascular collapse and death if not treated properly. Dehydration that occurs according to plasma tonicity can be isotonic dehydration. Hypertonic (hypernatremic) hydration or hypotonic dehydration. According to the degree of dehydration can be without dehydration, mild dehydration, moderate dehydration or severe dehydration (juffrie, 2010). To find out the state of dehydration can be done as follows:
Wong (2008), said that the nursing assessment of diarrhea began by observing the general condition and behavior of children. Subsequent studies carried out in diarrhea patients with fluid balance disorders, namely the assessment of dehydration such as reduced urine output, poor skin turgor, sunken fontanel. Nursalam (2008), said the impact that can be caused if there is a disruption of fluid balance, namely things like dehydration in infants and toddlers, hypoglycemia, nutritional problems, circulatory disorders, and complications in children.
The impact of physical problems that will occur if diarrhea is not treated will result in sudden loss of fluid and electrolytes. In toddlers will cause anorexia (lack of appetite) so that reduce nutritional intake, and diarrhea can reduce the absorption of intestines to the essence of food. In a state of infection, the need for food essence in children who experience diarrhea will cause malnutrition. If this continues, it will hamper the child's growth process. While the psychological impact on children, among others, children will become fussy, whiny, very dependent on the closest people (Widoyono, 2011).
Nursing diagnoses that often appear in patients suffering from diarrhea include; Fluid Volume Deficit and Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements. The role of nurses as nursing care providers in children treated with diarrhea, including monitoring fluid intake and output. Children who get intravenous fluid therapy need supervision for fluid intake, the speed of infusion drops must be set to provide the desired volume of fluid within a certain time and the location of infusion must be maintained (Wong, 2008). The next nursing action is to measure the child's body weight accurately, monitor the input and output correctly by continuing the provision of oral nutrition and taking specimens for laboratory examination. Apart from nursing actions, parents and families also provide care such as giving attention, enthusiasm and accompanying children while being treated in a hospital (Nursalam, 2008).
Apart from child care at the hospital, parents' knowledge about the occurrence of diarrhea is very important. This is because some mothers do not know about healthy behaviors to maintain family health, such as always maintaining personal hygiene and food, maintaining a clean home environment, determining health conditions when there are symptoms of an illness to the health center, maintaining a healthy pattern and taking time to relax to relieve stress that can trigger disease (Subakti, 2015).
Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Interventions for Children with Diarrhea
