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Metaparadigm of Virginia Henderson’s Theory

Individual, Environment, Health and Nursing

Individual:
  • Have basic needs that are component of health.
  • Requiring assistance to achieve health and independence or a peaceful death.
  • Mind and body are inseparable and interrelated.
  • Considers the biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual components.
  • The theory presents the patient as a sum of parts with biopsychosocial needs.

Environment:
  • Settings in which an individual learns unique pattern for living.
  • All external conditions and influences that affect life and development.
  • Individuals in relation to families.  Minimally discusses the impact of the community on the individual and family.
  • Basic nursing care involves providing conditions under which the patient can perform the 14 activities unaided.

Health:
  • Definition based on individual’s ability to function independently as outlined in the 14 components.
  • Nurses need to stress promotion of health and prevention and cure of disease.
  • Good health is a challenge -affected by age, cultural background, physical, and intellectual capacities, and emotional balance Is the individual’s ability to meet these needs independently.

Nursing:
  • Temporarily assisting an individual who lacks the necessary strength, will and knowledge to satisfy 1 or more of 14 basic needs.
  • Assists and supports the individual in life activities and the attainment of independence.
  • Nurse serves to make patient “complete” “whole", or "independent."
  • The nurse is expected to carry out physician’s therapeutic plan. Individualized care is the result of the nurse’s creativity in planning for care.
  • “Nurse should have knowledge to practice individualized and human care and should be a scientific problem solver.”
  • In the Nature of Nursing Nurse role is,” to get inside the patient’s skin and supplement his strength will or knowledge according to his needs.”


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