Excess Fluid Volume
Definition
Circumstances where an individual experiencing or at risk of excess intracellular or interstitial fluid. (Carpenito, 2000). Excess Fluid Volume refers to an isotonic expansion of extracellular fluid, which is caused by water retention and sodium abnormal in approximately the same proportion in which normally is in the extracellular fluid. This always happens after there is an increase in total body sodium content, which in turn causes an increase in total body water. (Brunner & Suddarth. 2002).
Etiology
Overhydration occurs when fluid intake is greater than the discharge.
Excess fluid in the body causes the concentration of sodium in the blood stream becomes very small. Drinking water in very many usually do not cause overhydration if the pituitary gland, kidney and heart function normally. Overhydration is more common in people whose kidneys do not normally dispose of fluids, for example in patients with heart disease, kidney or liver. Such people should limit the amount of water they drink and the amount of salt they eat.
Hypervolaemia can occur when there are :
Signs and symptoms
Clinical signs and symptoms that may be obtained on the client with hypervolemia include: shortness of breath, orthopnea. Compensatory mechanisms of the body in this condition is in the form of atrial natriuretic peptide release, causing an increase in filtration and excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys and decrease the secretion of aldosterone and ADH. Homeostatisis electrolyte abnormalities, acid-base balance and osmolality often accompany hypervolemia. Hypervolemia can lead to heart failure and edema pulmuner, especially in patients with cardiovascular dysfunction.
Pathophysiology
Excess fluid volume occurs when the body retain fluid and electrolytes in the extracellular compartment in balanced proportions. Due to the isotonic fluid retention, serum sodium concentration was normal. Excess fluid is almost always caused by an increase in the amount of sodium in the serum. Excess fluid occurs due to fluid overload / disturbance homeostatic mechanisms in the regulation of fluid balance.
Complication
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Excess Fluid Volume
Definition
Circumstances where an individual experiencing or at risk of excess intracellular or interstitial fluid. (Carpenito, 2000). Excess Fluid Volume refers to an isotonic expansion of extracellular fluid, which is caused by water retention and sodium abnormal in approximately the same proportion in which normally is in the extracellular fluid. This always happens after there is an increase in total body sodium content, which in turn causes an increase in total body water. (Brunner & Suddarth. 2002).
Etiology
Overhydration occurs when fluid intake is greater than the discharge.
Excess fluid in the body causes the concentration of sodium in the blood stream becomes very small. Drinking water in very many usually do not cause overhydration if the pituitary gland, kidney and heart function normally. Overhydration is more common in people whose kidneys do not normally dispose of fluids, for example in patients with heart disease, kidney or liver. Such people should limit the amount of water they drink and the amount of salt they eat.
Hypervolaemia can occur when there are :
- Stimulus chronic renal sodium and water to hold.
- Abnormal kidney function, with a decrease in sodium and water excretion.
- Excess fluid administration of intravenous (IV).
- Plasma to interstitial fluid shifts.
Signs and symptoms
Clinical signs and symptoms that may be obtained on the client with hypervolemia include: shortness of breath, orthopnea. Compensatory mechanisms of the body in this condition is in the form of atrial natriuretic peptide release, causing an increase in filtration and excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys and decrease the secretion of aldosterone and ADH. Homeostatisis electrolyte abnormalities, acid-base balance and osmolality often accompany hypervolemia. Hypervolemia can lead to heart failure and edema pulmuner, especially in patients with cardiovascular dysfunction.
Pathophysiology
Excess fluid volume occurs when the body retain fluid and electrolytes in the extracellular compartment in balanced proportions. Due to the isotonic fluid retention, serum sodium concentration was normal. Excess fluid is almost always caused by an increase in the amount of sodium in the serum. Excess fluid occurs due to fluid overload / disturbance homeostatic mechanisms in the regulation of fluid balance.
Complication
- Further result of excess fluid volume are:
- Renal failure, acute or chronic.
- Associated with an increase in preload, decreased contractility, and decreased cardiac output.
- Myocardial infarction.
- Congestive heart failure.
- Left heart failure.
- Valve disease.
- Tachycardia / arrhythmia associated with portal hypertension, low plasma colloid osmotic pressure, sodium retention.
- Liver disease: cirrhosis, ascites, Cancer.
- Associated with damage to the venous return flow.
- Varikose vein.
- Peripheral vascular disease.
- Chronic phlebitis.
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Excess Fluid Volume
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Excess Fluid Volume
